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Science & Medicine

Researchers, physicians and mathematicians who worked out how the world and the body behave.

12 people

Jonas Salk 1914–1995Medicine & Public HealthMedical researcher who developed the first safe and effective polio vaccine.Anthony Fauci b. 1940Medicine & Public HealthPhysician-scientist who shaped federal responses to HIV/AIDS, emerging infections, and the COVID-19 pandemic.Francis Collins b. 1950Medicine & Public HealthLed the public Human Genome Project and directed the National Institutes of HealthAlbert Sabin 1906–1993Medicine & Public HealthMedical researcher who developed the oral polio vaccine used in worldwide eradication campaigns.Walter Reed 1851–1902Medicine & Public HealthArmy physician whose commission confirmed mosquito transmission of yellow fever and transformed disease control.C. Everett Koop 1916–2013Medicine & Public HealthSurgeon general whose public communication on AIDS, smoking, and child health reshaped national health policy.Sidney Farber 1903–1973Medicine & Public HealthThe first remissions in childhood leukemia, and the Jimmy FundPaul Farmer 1959–2022Medicine & Public HealthPhysician and anthropologist who built influential models for delivering high-quality care in impoverished communities.Alice Hamilton 1869–1970Medicine & Public HealthFounded American industrial toxicology and documented workplace lead and chemical poisoning.Maurice Hilleman 1919–2005Medicine & Public HealthVirologist who developed or improved more than forty vaccines, preventing millions of deaths and transforming public health.Joseph Goldberger 1874–1929Medicine & Public HealthShowed that pellagra was a dietary deficiency rather than an infectious disease.Florence R. Sabin 1871–1953Medicine & Public HealthPioneering medical researcher and public-health reformer who advanced knowledge of the lymphatic and immune systems.