Home › Science & Medicine › Medicine & Public Health

Medicine & Public Health

42 people

Jonas Salk 1914–1995Medicine & Public HealthMedical researcher who developed the first safe and effective polio vaccine.Anthony Fauci b. 1940Medicine & Public HealthPhysician-scientist who shaped federal responses to HIV/AIDS, emerging infections, and the COVID-19 pandemic.Henrietta Lacks 1920–1951Medicine & Public HealthHer cells were taken without her knowledge in 1951 and became the most used human cell line in science.Elizabeth Blackwell 1821–1910Medicine & Public HealthFirst woman to receive a medical degree in the United States and a pioneer of women’s medical education.CDCharles Drew 1904–1950Medicine & Public HealthPhysician-scientist whose work on blood plasma and blood banking saved countless lives.Francis Collins b. 1950Medicine & Public HealthLed the public Human Genome Project and directed the National Institutes of HealthAlbert Sabin 1906–1993Medicine & Public HealthMedical researcher who developed the oral polio vaccine used in worldwide eradication campaigns.Daniel Hale Williams 1856–1931Medicine & Public HealthFounder of Provident Hospital and early cardiac surgeonWalter Reed 1851–1902Medicine & Public HealthArmy physician whose commission confirmed mosquito transmission of yellow fever and transformed disease control.Michael DeBakey 1908–2008Medicine & Public HealthCardiovascular surgeon who invented the roller pump and the Dacron arterial graftKatalin Karikó b. 1955Medicine & Public HealthBiochemist whose work on modified messenger RNA enabled highly effective mRNA vaccines and new therapeutic platforms.C. Everett Koop 1916–2013Medicine & Public HealthSurgeon general whose public communication on AIDS, smoking, and child health reshaped national health policy.Aaron T. Beck 1921–2021Medicine & Public HealthFounder of cognitive behavioral therapy and the Beck Depression InventoryVTVivien Thomas 1910–1985Medicine & Public HealthDevised the blue-baby heart operation without a medical degree, and went unnamed on the paper.EKElisabeth Kübler-Ross 1926–2004Medicine & Public HealthIntroduced the stages-of-grief model and advanced hospice and end-of-life care in America.Virginia Apgar 1909–1974Medicine & Public HealthPhysician who created the Apgar score, transforming rapid assessment and survival of newborns.Denton Cooley 1920–2016Medicine & Public HealthHeart surgeon who performed the first successful American heart transplant and implanted the first total artificial heartSidney Farber 1903–1973Medicine & Public HealthThe first remissions in childhood leukemia, and the Jimmy FundMary Lasker 1900–1994Medicine & Public HealthTurned advertising method into a lobbying machine and built federal funding for medical research.William Osler 1849–1919Medicine & Public HealthBuilt bedside clinical teaching into American medical education as a founding Johns Hopkins professor.Martin Seligman b. 1942Medicine & Public HealthLearned helplessness and the founding of positive psychologySelman Waksman 1888–1973Medicine & Public HealthRan the soil-screening programme that produced streptomycin, the first effective treatment for tuberculosis.Rosalyn Yalow 1921–2011Medicine & Public HealthInvented radioimmunoassay with Solomon Berson, refused to patent it, and took the 1977 Nobel alone.Paul Farmer 1959–2022Medicine & Public HealthPhysician and anthropologist who built influential models for delivering high-quality care in impoverished communities.Atul Gawande b. 1965Medicine & Public HealthSurgeon and writer who popularized surgical checklists and led global health work at USAID.ZBZabdiel Boylston 1679–1766Medicine & Public HealthThe first physician to perform smallpox inoculation in North AmericaAlice Hamilton 1869–1970Medicine & Public HealthFounded American industrial toxicology and documented workplace lead and chemical poisoning.Harvey Cushing 1869–1939Medicine & Public HealthSurgeon who established modern neurosurgery as a specialized medical discipline.William Stewart Halsted 1852–1922Medicine & Public HealthEstablished aseptic surgical technique and the American surgical residency training system.Maurice Hilleman 1919–2005Medicine & Public HealthVirologist who developed or improved more than forty vaccines, preventing millions of deaths and transforming public health.Rebecca Lee Crumpler 1831–1895Medicine & Public HealthFirst Black woman to earn a medical degree in the United States and an early advocate for care in underserved communities.ASAlbert Schatz 1920–2005Medicine & Public HealthIsolated streptomycin, the first drug effective against tuberculosis, and went to court for the credit.HBHelen B. Taussig 1898–1986Medicine & Public HealthFounder of pediatric cardiology whose work helped create the first successful treatment for blue-baby syndrome.Gerty Cori 1896–1957Medicine & Public HealthBiochemist and first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, honored for discoveries about carbohydrate metabolism.Gertrude B. Elion 1918–1999Medicine & Public HealthPharmacologist whose rational drug-design work produced treatments for leukemia, infections, gout, and organ rejection.David Ho b. 1952Medicine & Public HealthPhysician-scientist whose research helped establish combination antiretroviral therapy as the standard treatment for HIV/AIDS.Drew Weissman b. 1959Medicine & Public HealthImmunologist whose collaboration with Katalin Karikó made mRNA vaccines practical and safe.Mary-Claire King b. 1946Medicine & Public HealthGeneticist who identified the BRCA1 locus and applied DNA science to human-rights investigations.Stanley Prusiner b. 1942Medicine & Public HealthNeurologist who discovered prions, establishing a new biological mechanism for infectious neurodegenerative disease.Joseph Goldberger 1874–1929Medicine & Public HealthShowed that pellagra was a dietary deficiency rather than an infectious disease.Baruch Blumberg 1925–2011Medicine & Public HealthPhysician-scientist whose discovery of the hepatitis B virus led to diagnostic tests and a widely used vaccine.Florence R. Sabin 1871–1953Medicine & Public HealthPioneering medical researcher and public-health reformer who advanced knowledge of the lymphatic and immune systems.